Election malfeasance can take a variety of forms, such as intimidation of voters, violence against candidates and their supporters, and outright election fraud. It can distort and destabilize democracy, affect electoral outcomes, and shape the extent to which elections facilitate subsequent political and social stability. To mitigate election fraud and gain citizen's confidence, election forensics is paramount. The most important details in this text are that accurate information on electoral irregularities can help separate false accusations from true evidence of electoral malfeasance, provide election monitors with a better gauge of the quality of elections, and help bolster the activities of election monitors and pro-democracy organizations. Ideally, a method for detecting electoral fraud should meet each of the following criteria: it should be sensitive enough to detect anomalies, accurately detect anomalies, involve systematic observation, enable the identification of where anomalies have occurred, and produce estimates of uncertainty.